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Background: Resistance to immune checkpoint blockade limits durable responses in many solid tumors. Methods: We performed single-cell RNA sequencing of tumor biopsies from 60 patients and tested a combination of anti-PD-1 with a CD40 agonist in immunocompetent mouse models. Results: The combination expanded cytotoxic T cells, repolarized tumor-associated macrophages, and slowed tumor growth compared with monotherapy. Conclusion: Combining checkpoint blockade with CD40 agonism remodels the tumor immune microenvironment and may improve responses in checkpoint-resistant tumors.

Background: Glycemic control and cardiovascular safety remain key goals in type 2 diabetes management. Methods: In a 52-week randomized, double-blind trial, 1,200 adults with type 2 diabetes received a once-weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist or placebo. Primary endpoints were change in HbA1c and body weight, and cardiovascular events were monitored. Results: The GLP-1 group showed a significant reduction in HbA1c and body weight versus placebo, with no increase in major adverse cardiovascular events. Conclusion: Once-weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy improves glycemic control and weight with a reassuring cardiovascular safety profile.

Background: Perovskite solar cells offer high efficiency but suffer from operational instability. Methods: We introduced a self-assembled molecular interlayer at the perovskite–electrode interface and characterized the devices under continuous illumination. Results: The interlayer suppressed ion migration and defect formation, raising power conversion efficiency to 25.2% and retaining over 95% of initial performance after 1,000 hours of operation. Conclusion: Interface engineering with self-assembled molecules delivers efficient and stable perovskite solar cells suitable for scale-up.